Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a collective term for diseases of the heart and blood vessels. It includes coronary artery disease, such as angina and myocardial infarction, as well as other...

Canal obliteration can be idiopathic, due to hereditary disorders (eg dentinogenesis imperfecta) or occur following trauma, orthodontic treatment, pulpal injury, caries or restorative...

In orthograde root canal treatment, the clinician must access the pulp chamber of the tooth, locate and access all the root canals and prepare these to remove all pulpal tissue and infection, if...

Endodontic treatment, like any healthcare procedure, is not risk-free. Inadequate instrumentation, insufficient disinfection and incomplete obturation of the root canal system may result in an...

Dental radiography, commonly in the form of peri-apical and dental panoramic radiographs, has limitations, such as anatomical noise from superimposition of orofacial structures, compression of...

The access cavity preparation generally refers to the part of the cavity from the occlusal table to the canal orifices. Black's principles of cavity preparation, including outline, convenience,...

A 44-year-old male was referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial department on an acute basis with a history of a sudden onset of facial swelling. The swelling of the lower right cheek had appeared...

A fit and healthy 17-year-old female presented at The University Dental Hospital of Manchester with fractured anterior teeth following trauma. Further history revealed she had attended her general...

A 37-year-old male patient was referred from a private practice complaining of pain in the upper left side anterior region of his mouth for a few days. There was history of pus discharge from that...

A 51-year-old healthy female patient was referred to our department for consultation and treatment concerning tooth UL6. The patient's dental history revealed that endodontic treatment was started on...

The success rate for removal of a SI has been reported as varying from 53% to 95%.27,29,30,31 The wide variation in reported results can be explained by a range of factors which influence the...

Pulpitis commences when a carious lesion passes the amelo-dentinal junction and enters into dentine.5 Initially, acidic bacterial by-products, that enter the pulp before the micro-organisms, cause...

The term ‘bioactive materials’ covers a range of similar calcium silicate-based materials that are not only biocompatible but promote healing and regeneration of tissues. The most notable examples of...

If the coronal structures are largely intact (particularly marginal ridges) and loading is favourable, a simple plastic restoration can be placed in the access cavity. Placing a bonded restoration...

The first stage in root canal retreatment is the careful assessment of and, if necessary, the removal of existing restorations to access the canal system. Attempting retreatment through an existing...