Figures 1–5 are examples of different clinical circumstances that were considered for root canal re-treatment. These patients were keen to treat the tooth infection and avoid extraction..

Where a decision is made to undertake non-surgical re-treatment, additional assessment is required. Case selection is essential to providing predictable treatment and obtaining informed consent, with...

There may several reasons for failure, which can be categorized as technical (procedural) errors, biological factors or others..

A 25-year-old female was referred to the clinic with the complaint of persistent pain in the right mandibular vestibule region. The patient's medical history revealed no significant findings..

The following patient was referred for an assessment of the restorability and suitability of the tooth for endodontic re-treatment. A medically fit and well female patient, aged 51 years, was referred...

The use of X-ray radiation to make images has been used in dentistry since 1896, and in endodontics since 1899. Its main uses have been as follows:
In the diagnosis of peri-radicular disease often...

An 18-year-old fit and well male presented to an orthodontic specialist practice 3 years following completion of his orthodontic treatment. He complained of swelling associated with his maxillary left...

The literature contains significant references to persistent altered inferior dental nerve sensation resulting from the administration of local anaesthesia, particularly by IDN block techniques.5,6...