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Periodontology Specialist Trainee, Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London
Clinical Lecturer/Honorary Consultant in Periodontology, Centre for Host–Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London
Peri-implant diseases, especially peri-implantitis, present a growing public health concern owing to their rising prevalence and adverse outcomes, and lead to substantial dental care costs and an overall economic impact. This article outlines the case definitions and diagnoses for peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis and summarizes the EFP S3-level clinical practice guidelines.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding case definitions and diagnoses of peri-implant diseases, including peri-mucositis and peri-implantitis, is essential for dental professionals to provide effective treatment and prevent complications.
Article
Managing peri-implant diseases, which are linked to considerable morbidity, poses significant challenges. The latest clinical practice guidelines1 seek to identify optimal interventions for maintaining peri-implant tissue health, aiming to prolong the complication-free survival of dental implants used in tooth replacement. Peri-implant diseases, driven by peri-implant biofilms, manifest as inflammatory conditions affecting peri-implant tissues, with two distinct conditions: peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Peri-implant diseases, especially peri-implantitis, present a growing public health concern owing to their rising prevalence and adverse outcomes, such as implant and prosthesis loss, leading to substantial dental care costs and have an overall economic impact.
Peri-implant mucositis, as defined by Heitz-Mayfield and Salvi,2 is an inflammatory condition affecting the peri-implant mucosa without concurrent marginal bone loss. Clinically, it manifests as bleeding upon gentle probing, accompanied by potential signs of inflammation, such as erythema, swelling and/or suppuration. The condition is associated with increased probing depth, attributed to oedema or diminished probing resistance. Disruption of host-microbial homeostasis at the implant–mucosa interface is the underlying cause, making it a reversible condition when assessed through host biomarkers. Contributing factors include biofilm accumulation, smoking, and radiation therapy.3
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