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Tobacco habit-associated oral disease and the negative effects on surgical outcomes
From Volume 44, Issue 11, December 2017 | Pages 1065-1070
Article
Tobacco is obtained from the leaves of the plant Nicotiana, with nicotine being the main psychoactive alkaloid. Named after the Lisbon based diplomat, Jean Nicot, in the 16th Century, the leaf was chewed, taken nasally in powder form or applied locally in the treatment of cough, asthma, headaches, stomach cramps, gout, diseases of women, intestinal parasites, open wounds and cancers.1 By the latter part of the 16th Century, tobacco was being used mainly for pleasure, with smoking being the dominant mode of administration. Over the following 200 years, evidence of the harmful effects of tobacco on almost every system in the body became documented.2 Tobacco use is now accepted as being a leading cause of preventable illness and premature death and has a significant public health impact. It affects multiple organ systems, resulting in numerous tobacco-related diseases, primarily in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Tobacco use is also involved in the causation of numerous types of cancer.3,4
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