Alcohol is a depressant. A small amount depresses anxiety and inhibitions and can make the user feel sociable and talkative; too much and a hangover may result, and the person may not even remember...

The cause of cancer in most people is unclear but risk depends on a combination of genes, environment and aspects of living (Figure 2)..

Osteochondroma of the Mandibular Condyle: an Unusual Case of Dentofacial Asymmetry. Dent Update 2015; 42: 372. Figure 6 appeared upside down. See corrected Figure 6 below..

Oral and oropharyngeal cancers together are the sixth leading cancer in the world, with a wide geographical variation, although two-thirds of the cases occur in resource-poor countries, such as...

The main cause of tooth discoloration is external staining..

The word tumour in Latin means a swelling but a tumour or swelling is not always a cancer. Some tumours may be caused by inflammation, infections, cysts or fluid-filled lesions or be due to new...

(c) Lupus erythematosus (LE) is the answer; LE, discoid or systematic, is an auto-immune disease which, although rarely affecting the mouth, shows single or multiple lesions with a white reticular...

(a) Piercing. This is now quite commonplace but rarely seen in such a number. The placement in a fairly symmetric pattern is a giveaway (Figure 1). Some patients have the habit of inserting foreign...

The Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of human and animal illnesses characterized by fever, bleeding disorders and often progression to shock and death. Some – notably Ebola, Lassa...

c) Tetracycline staining is the cause here. Tetracycline given in pregnant mothers or in children <8 years old causes a diffuse discoloration in deciduous and permanent teeth, respectively, as it is...

(c) Orofacial granulomatosis. The history and clinical findings are most consistent with a diagnosis of orofacial granulomatosis (OFG), of which the cheilitis is one part, or Crohn's disease. Chronic...