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An orthodontic index is a rating or categorizing system that assigns a numeric score or alphanumeric label to a person's occlusion. Indexing of malocclusions and their correction is important in epidemiology, diagnosis, communication between clinicians as well as with their patients, and assessing treatment outcome. Many useful indices have been put forward, but no one method appears to be equally suitable for the use of epidemiologists, public health programme planners and clinicians. This article describes the common clinical orthodontic indices and classifications used in the UK.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: Readers can gain an insight into the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used orthodontic indices and classifications in the UK.
Article
The delivery and acceptability of orthodontic treatment is increasing as it becomes more popular. To aid this, indexing of the malocclusion, and its subsequent correction, is important in epidemiology, assessment and diagnosis, and communication between clinicians as well as their patients. This article looks at the common clinical orthodontic indices and classifications used in UK.
Orthodontic indices are used to describe a rating or classification system that assigns a (alpha)numeric label to a person's (mal)occlusion.1
Salzmann2 thought of malocclusion as occlusal traits that interfered with the wellbeing of the patient: adversely affecting their function or dentofacial aesthetics. This still resonates within the World Dental Federation's definition of oral health,3 which reflects the physiological, social and psychological attributes that are essential to one's oral health-related quality of life.
The first qualitative indices were used in the 1950s for epidemiological purposes. These methods were subjective and broad, but gave a generally easy description and understanding of the malocclusion. From 1950s onwards, further qualitative indices were developed to rank or score the severity of the malocclusion to help prioritize and determine access to care.
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