References

British Lung Foundation. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA): toolkit for commissioning and planning local NHS services in the UK. 2015. www.asthmaandlung.org.uk/sites/default/files/OSA_Toolkit_2015_BLF_0.pdf (accessed August 2023)
Osman AM, Carter SG, Carberry JC, Eckert DJ Obstructive sleep apnea: current perspectives. Nat Sci Sleep. 2018; 10:21-34 https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S124657
Goyal M, Johnson J Obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis and management. Mo Med. 2017; 114:120-124
NHS. Sleep apnoea. 2022. www.nhs.uk/conditions/sleep-apnoea/ (accessed August 2023)
Deacon NL, Jen R, Li Y, Malhotra A Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Prospects for personalized combined modality therapy. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016; 13:101-108 https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201508-537FR
Hammond RJ, Gotsopoulos H, Shen G A follow-up study of dental and skeletal changes associated with mandibular advancement splint use in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007; 132:806-814 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.08.047
Tsolakis IA, Palomo JM, Matthaios S, Tsolakis AI Dental and skeletal side effects of oral appliances used for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring in adult patients – a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pers Med. 2022; 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030483
Pliska BT, Nam H, Chen H Obstructive sleep apnea and mandibular advancement splints: occlusal effects and progression of changes associated with a decade of treatment. J Clin Sleep Med. 2014; 10:1285-1291 https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.4278
Uniken Venema JAM, Doff MHJ, Joffe-Sokolova DS Dental side effects of long-term obstructive sleep apnea therapy: a 10-year follow-up study. Clin Oral Investig. 2020; 24:3069-3076 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03175-6
Spicuzza L, Caruso D, Di Maria G Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and its management. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2015; 6:273-285 https://doi.org/10.1177/2040622315590318
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Mandibular Advancement Splints, Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Occlusal Derangement: A Case Report

From Volume 51, Issue 11, December 2024 | Pages 793-795

Authors

Brian M Quinn

BDS, MFDS RCPS(Glasg), Specialty Registrar in Restorative Dentistry, Dundee Dental Hospital and Research School

Articles by Brian M Quinn

Email Brian M Quinn

Giles McCracken

BDS, PhD, FDS(Rest Dent) RCPS, FHEA

BDS, PhD, FDS(Rest Dent) RCPS, FHEA, Professor of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences Newcastle University

Articles by Giles McCracken

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnoea is a sleep-related respiratory condition. It can present to dentists through obtaining a patient's medical history. If left untreated, it is associated with several serious morbidities. Mandibular advancement splints can be used as a treatment modality; however, if fabricated incorrectly, detrimental occlusal effects can occur.

CPD/Clinical Relevance:

Awareness of occlusal changes that can occur with the use of partial coverage designs of mandibular advancement splints is of value.

Article

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder affecting an estimated 1.5 million adults in the UK. The British Lung Foundation describes it as a sleep-related respiratory condition. During sleep, it results in repeated temporary breathing cessations owing to the narrowing or closure of the upper airway.1

If left untreated, OSA is associated with serious morbidities, including metabolic disorders (for example, diabetes), cardiovascular disease (for example, hypertension or stroke), cognitive impairment and depression. It is also associated with decreased productivity and motor vehicle accidents, resulting in injury and fatality.2 Symptoms of OSA include hypopnea (described as a period of shallow breathing) or apnoea (the complete cessation of breathing).3 Patients commonly present with a history of nocturia, morning headaches, excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue, increased irritability and memory loss.2 Often, OSA is diagnosed and treated in specialist sleep clinics, usually after a patient presents to their general medical practitioner (GMP) with any of the above symptoms. Once referred, they may undergo an assessment of breathing and heart rate while they are asleep. These investigations aid in the diagnosis of sleep apnoea and can also highlight its severity.4

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