Glass ionomer cements (GICs) were developed in the early 1970s, being a combination of a fluoro-alumino-silicate (FAS) glass, mixed with a polyacrylic acid.34 Principal advantages of GIC materials...

A complex range of interrelated factors combine to determine the overall aesthetic properties of each individual patient's smile. Principles of ‘smile design’ are well-documented and the dental...

Readers will remember materials which they have purchased, used once and confined to the back of the practice storage cupboard. Reasons for discarding a material may include the following handling, or...

‘It's your attitude, not your aptitude, that determines your altitude’
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The results of temperature vs pH are presented in Table 4. These indicated that the pH increased as the temperature was lowered. The results of chilli pH are presented in Tables 5 and 6, while the...

Ozone, first discovered in 1840, is a naturally occurring compound consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is found in nature in the form of a gas in the atmosphere in a concentration of 1–10 ppm1 where...