The Dental Update Archive

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Volume 39, Issue 4 for May 2012

Page 239 Endodontics

Endodontic ‘solutions’ part 1: a literature review on the use of endodontic lubricants, irrigants and medicaments

More recently, studies are being undertaken on lowering the pH of NaOCl in order to improve its properties.84 This can be accomplished by the addition of chemicals such as etidronic acid (1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate HEBP), which is a common ingredient of soap. Lottanti et al48 have shown per acetic acid (PAA) to be an effective final irrigant owing to its antimicrobial and smear layer removal properties, but further research is required.