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Pain part 3: acute orofacial pain

From Volume 42, Issue 5, June 2015 | Pages 442-462

Authors

Nadine Khawaja

BDS, MJDF MSurgDent

Specialist Academic Trainee, Department of Oral Surgery, King's College London Dental Institute, King's College Hospital London, Bessemer Road, London SE5 9RS, UK

Articles by Nadine Khawaja

Tara Renton

BDS, MDSc, PhD

Professor of Oral Surgery, King's College London; Honorary Consultant in Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London

Articles by Tara Renton

Abstract

Acute trigeminal pain is a common presentation in the dental surgery, with a reported 22% of the US adult population experiencing orofacial pain more than once during a 6-month period.1 This article discusses the mechanisms underlying the pain experience, diagnosis and subsequent management of acute trigeminal pain, encompassing pre-, peri- and post-operative analgesia. The dental team spend most of their working lives managing patients and acute pain. The patient may present to the clinician in existing pain, which may often provide a diagnostic challenge. Prevention and managing intra-operative and post-surgical pain are implicit in providing your patient with optimum care.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to provide an overview of conditions that may present with acute orofacial pain and their management using the most recent evidence base. Intra-operative and post-surgical pain management are also scrutinized and evidence-based treatment is recommended.

Article

A toothache, or a violent passion, is not necessarily diminished by our knowledge of its causes, its character, its importance or insignificance’ wrote T S Eliot.

Acute pain management is integral to the provision of optimal dental care and supporting the well-being of patients. Any patient attending a dentist will be experiencing some degree of anxiety and stress. These emotions will lower the patient's pain tolerance and further compound pain management. Anyone in this field recognizes that pain is complex, particularly in the dental environment where fear, phobia and poor expectations compound the patient's pain experience. Dentists require an armamentarium of psychological, communication, medical and technical skills. Managing operative pain under local anaesthesia requires expertise, empathy and patience. Oral analgesics are commonly prescribed for a few days following oral surgery or other procedures, after which patients are typically pain-free or can switch to over-the-counter (OTC) medications (ie either lower doses of the same analgesics or different OTC drugs).

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