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References

Burke FJT, MacKenzie L, Sands P Fifty years of glass ionomers. Are the latest GICs suitable for restoring back teeth? Dent Update. 2023; 50:437-446
Schwendicke F, Rossi JG, Krois J Cost-effectiveness of glass hybrid versus composite in a multi-country randomized trial. J Dent. 2021; 107 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103614
Wafaie RA, Ibrahim Ali A, El-Negoly SAE, Mahmoud SH Five-year randomized clinical trial to evaluate the clinical performance of highviscosity glass ionomer restorative systems in small class II restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2023; 35:538-555 https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.13000
Wilson AD, Kent BE A new translucent cement for dentistry. The glass ionomer cement. Br Dent J. 1972; 132:133-135 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4802810
Scholtanus JD, Huysmans MC Clinical failure of class-II restorations of a highly viscous glass-ionomer material over a 6-year period: a retrospective study. J Dent. 2007; 35:156-162 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2006.07.006
Frankenberger R, Garcia-Godoy F, Krämer N Clinical performance of viscous glass ionomer cement in posterior cavities over two years. Int J Dent. 2009; https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/781462
Šalinović I, Stunja M, Schauperl Z Mechanical properties of high viscosity glass ionomer and glass hybrid restorative materials. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2019; 53:125-131 https://doi.org/10.15644/asc53/2/4

Technique Tips: Glass ionomers in posterior teeth: a technique guide

From Volume 50, Issue 5, May 2023 | Pages 462-464

Authors

FJ Trevor Burke

DDS, MSc, MDS, MGDS, FDS (RCS Edin), FDS RCS (Eng), FCG Dent, FADM,

Articles by FJ Trevor Burke

Louis Mackenzie

BDS, FDS RCPS FCGDent, Head Dental Officer, Denplan UK, Andover

General Dental Practitioner, Birmingham; Clinical Lecturer, University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK.

Articles by Louis Mackenzie

Peter Sands

MSc, BDS, LDS, MCGD

Didcot, Oxfordshire

Articles by Peter Sands

Article

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been available for use by clinicians for almost 50 years.1 Their beneficial properties, such as adhesion to tooth substance, have long been recognized, but early materials suffered from brittleness, lack of translucency, poor wear resistance and solubility in oral fluids and therefore were not suitable for use in loadbearing situations in posterior teeth. New, improved variants of GICs have become available in recent decades which overcome some of these difficulties. Results of latest research indicate that, under in clinical situations, such as Class I cavities and Class II cavities with limited interproximal box width,1 new GIC variants may provide successful restorations and other, recent publications have demonstrated that they are more costeffective than resin composite materials in an equivalent clinical situation.2 It is therefore the purpose of this article to suggest technique tips which may optimise the performance, in loadbearing situations in posterior teeth, of latest reinforced GICs and the glass hybrid materials which have developed from the reinforced GICs.

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