Periodontal disease is a complex inflammatory disease that affects the periodontal structures, including the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.1 Both chronic and aggressive...

Five systemically healthy patients presenting with diffuse gingival pigmentation in the maxillary anterior region from distal of left canine to distal of right canine were included in the study. The...

According to Gillam,9 various terms have been used to describe dentine hypersensitivity (DH), for example, cervical dentine sensitivity (CDS), cervical dentine hypersensitivity (CDH), or dentine...

A 5-year-old Caucasian girl was referred to the Periodontal Department at the School of Dentistry, Belfast with a history of persistent gingival inflammation. The patient's mother reported that her...

Nutrition is defined by the World Health Organization as ‘the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs'.4 Diet is simply what an organism eats, but good nutrition involves...

A 20-year-old male was initially referred to the Periodontal Department at Birmingham Dental Hospital in July 2008 from Ear Nose Throat (ENT) and Maxillofacial colleagues because of the complex oral...

There must be a proper time interval between initial treatment and re-evaluation of residual periodontal pockets. Different periods have been reported to reassess the pocket depth after initial...

The primary cause of halitosis is the release of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs), which include hydrogen sulphide, dimethyl sulphide and methyl mercaptan. Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) is believed to be...

Initially, the patient was treated with a non-surgical scaling and root planing performed in four sessions with weekly intervals. Then, at the end of the non-surgical therapy, the patient received an...

Management of a patient with severe toothwear requiring crown lengthening surgery will require a number of planning stages:.

Periodontal probing is crucial for periodontal diagnosis and monitoring. Periodontal probing can indicate the pocket depth as well as the presence of bleeding, suggesting the presence of inflammation....

Peri-implant mucositis describes inflammation in the mucosa at an implant area with no signs of loss of supporting bone.3 Diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis is usually by detection of bleeding on...

However, fundamental to the successful management of disease by non-surgical means (or indeed surgical means for that matter) is the establishment, before any treatment is carried out, of optimal...

This may seem a surprising question – we can all recognize periodontitis when we see it in our patients, but it is useful to consider briefly current concepts of disease. We all know that...

Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases is classified in Table 1.1.