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Primary failure of eruption is a rare condition, which results in partial or complete failure of a tooth or several teeth to erupt. The postulated cellular process is a malfunction in the eruption mechanism, which fails to completely drive the tooth along its eruption axis. The aetiology is genetic, with a specific link to a mutation in the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor gene, hence a familial pattern of inheritance may be observed. Diagnosis and treatment can be challenging, often necessitating an interdisciplinary approach.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of the features of primary failure of eruption is useful for clinicians.
Article
Eruption is the process whereby a tooth moves from its crypt position, through the alveolar process and into the oral cavity. Significant deviation in the expected eruption time is not an uncommon finding in clinical practice. Suspicion should be raised if teeth fail to erupt within 2 years of the expected eruption date, or if eruption is delayed by over 6 months compared to the contralateral tooth.1 There are many reasons why eruption may be delayed and, in some cases, teeth can completely fail to erupt.
Primary failure of eruption (PFE) is a rare condition, characterized by non-syndromic, partial or complete non-eruption of a tooth or several teeth, despite a clear eruption pathway.2 This occurs due to a malfunction in the tooth's eruptive mechanism. Affected teeth have an abnormal and limited response to orthodontic forces, and can become ankylosed when orthodontic forces are applied.2
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