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Tooth wear, the progressive loss of dental hard tissue not caused by decay or trauma, is a multi-faceted phenomenon with implications for oral health and aesthetics. This article provides a comprehensive overview of both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical factors contributing to tooth wear. Intrinsic mechanical wear from direct tooth-to-tooth contact leading to attrition, such as in bruxism, and extrinsic mechanical wear resulting from external actions, such as parafunctional habits including biting nails, chewing on pens, or the consumption of rough food elements and the use of overly abrasive dental products and aggressive toothbrushing, leading to abrasion.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding the complex relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical factors is essential for clinicians to provide holistic dental care.
Article
Tooth Wear (TW) or non-carious tooth surface loss (NCTSL) ranks as the primary source of damage to dental hard tissues. Even as the occurrence of dental caries is on the decline, there appears to be a rising trend in the rate and intensity of tooth wear.1 The language and terms used to describe this process differ worldwide, and the focus on the cause can shift within various regions. The most straightforward term to employ is ‘tooth wear,’ which covers attrition, erosion, abrasion, and the poorly characterized phenomenon called abfraction.2
Tooth wear damage is permanent and cumulative with age.3 It, therefore, adversely affects dental health for an individual's entire life. Consequently, the importance of addressing tooth wear is growing in ensuring the prolonged health of one's teeth.4
Tooth surface deterioration can be entirely ‘physiological’ and is a typical result of ageing. It has been estimated that the typical vertical enamel loss due to natural wear is about 20–38 µm each year.5 However, various elements, like erosion, abrasion, and attrition, can cause this loss to become ‘pathological’.6
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