Amelogenesis is a complex process which involves three stages:.

A healthy 7-year-old boy was referred to Liverpool Paediatric Dental Department by his GDP regarding the appearance of his recently erupted permanent maxillary central incisor teeth (Figure 1). Both...

Firm, incorrect toothbrushing in the horizontal plane, instead of using the modified Bass method, can cause wedge-shaped defects in the cervical regions of predominantly maxillary teeth.3,4,8 Brushing...

First, the patient needs to be taught to relax and, whilst in this relaxed state, is exposed to each of the stimuli of the hierarchy in turn. The relaxation phase is critical to success, and should be...

The reason that erupting teeth are more vulnerable to developing caries is not complicated. Carvalho and colleagues suggested it is simply that plaque accumulates more readily on occlusal surfaces...

SOD is probably under recognized as it may be misdiagnosed as hemimaxillofacial dysplasia (HMD), fibrous dysplasia (FD), hemifacial hyperplasia or regional odontodysplasia (ROD). In HMD, ipsilateral...

The completion of root development of the permanent incisors normally occurs in childhood, eg the maxillary central incisor normally completes its root development before the age of around 10 or 11...

The BPE was introduced by the BSP in 1986 to act as a simple and rapid tool to help dentists to screen for periodontal diseases in adults. A study by Tugnait et al in 2004 found that its use had been...

This report described two patients with recurrent parotitis of childhood which had followed different pathways. Case 1 had recurrent symptoms which subsequently became infrequent. She was discharged...

It is recommended that daily intake of fluoride should not exceed 0.05–0.07 mg F/Kg/Day. Regular intake above these levels increases the likelihood of fluorosis occurring due to chronic...

Abuse or neglect may present to the dental team in a number of different ways:1.

Pacifier-sucking peaks at around one year of age and declines thereafter.42,43 The majority of children stop the habit by the time permanent dentition erupts.34 For those few who continue the habit,...

A healthy 12-year-old boy attended the paediatric casualty clinic of a UK dental hospital as an emergency patient after an accident earlier that day at school. The boy had tripped and fallen in the...

The metal ceramic resin-bonded bridge has been used by practitioners for many years to replace single missing teeth, especially those in the anterior region. The success rate of this prosthesis is...

Eruption can be defined as ‘the biological process that follows the formation of the dental crown and is essentially penetration of the covering oral mucosa by any part of a single tooth’.2 The time...