A 14-year-old female patient complained of anteriorly placed front teeth. On clinical examination, she had a mesoprosopic facial form, a convex profile with incompetent lips and an incisal show of 4...

Incognito™ is a lingual appliance system developed by Wiechmann using CAD/CAM technology.2 It has all the advantages of traditional lingual appliance systems, such as optimal aesthetics,...

An online survey conducted on behalf of the British Orthodontic Society in 2010 revealed that 45% of adults in the UK were unhappy with the appearance of their teeth; 20% would have considered...

The maxillary central incisor usually erupts at around 7½ years of age. It is the second permanent adult tooth to present in the maxilla, after the 1st permanent molar, which erupts 12–18 months...

In order to bring an unerupted maxillary incisor into a favourable position in the arch the tooth must be uncovered and orthodontically guided into position. This is done via one of the following...

There are different types of fracture healing dependent upon the stage of root formation, patient's age, tooth mobility and location of the root fracture.5,6 The apical fragment remains vital in the...

In this article, the contemporary uses and effectiveness of extra-oral traction appliances are discussed..

A common IPR protocol will be described briefly below in a stepwise fashion..

An 18-year-old girl was referred to the Orthodontic Department of the Glasgow Dental Hospital and School by her orthodontic specialist practitioner as a result of a recent yellow discoloration of the...

A number of benefits have been associated with orthodontic treatment including a reduction in the susceptibility to caries, periodontal disease and temporomandibular joint dysfunction, whilst also...

The orthodontic treatment plan was to correct her malocclusion with a combination of an upper removable appliance initially, using headgear for anchorage reinforcement. With good compliance...

The widespread use of single-arch removable appliances is now on the decrease, but there are still a significant number of practitioners who prescribe them in specific circumstances. General problems...

As with all patients who attend for an emergency appointment, it is important to carry out a brief history of the specific problem, noting any relevant medical conditions, before carrying out a...

A transpalatal arch is a fixed orthodontic appliance used to reinforce posterior anchorage during orthodontic treatment. It consists of bands cemented to the upper first permanent molars and 1.0 mm...

Several studies have compared the effectiveness of VFRs with other retainer types.6,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,25,26,28,31,33,34,37,38,39,47 Prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered...