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Oral Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV positive patients. A case report and a review of literature. 2014. https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/oral-kaposis-sarcoma-in-hiv-positive-patients-a-case-report-and-a-review-of-literature-2155-6113.1000349.pdf (Accessed 15 January 2017)
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A case of extensive oral kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with undiagnosed HIV infection

From Volume 45, Issue 4, April 2018 | Pages 360-362

Authors

Christine Causey

BDS

Senior House Officer, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, Cardiff Road, Newport, Gwent NP20 2UB, UK

Articles by Christine Causey

Navroz Singh

BDS

Senior House Officer, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, Cardiff Road, Newport, Gwent NP20 2UB, UK

Articles by Navroz Singh

Richard Parkin

BDS, BM, FRCS(Ed), FRCS(Lon)

Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, Cardiff Road, Newport, Gwent NP20 2UB, UK

Articles by Richard Parkin

Abstract

Abstract: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal soft tissue tumour estimated to affect up to 1 in 20 HIV-infected individuals. Oral involvement is commonly the initial presentation, making it important that oral health providers are able to recognize oral disease in all stages of progression. Its various clinical stages (patch, plaque, nodular) can often mimic other benign lesions, such as pyogenic granuloma, potentially leading to misdiagnosis. This article aims to help improve recognition of KS amongst oral health professionals by raising awareness of its oral features. It is hoped that this will aid in early diagnosis and improved outcomes for patients.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Kaposi's sarcoma is a common tumour amongst HIV-infected individuals often presenting with oral involvement. Recognition of the tumour, especially at the early stages, allows for early diagnosis and treatment, helping to improve patient prognosis.

Article

Kaposi's sarcoma is a low grade, soft tissue tumour of vascular endothelial origin. In 71% of cases, it presents with cutaneous and visceral involvement and most commonly arises amongst the male population.1,2 In 1994, Chang and colleagues identified a new herpesvirus (HHV-8) which was at the time linked with over 95% of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesions identified.3 Although infection with the HHV-8 virus is now considered necessary for development of the tumour, it is not sufficient alone, and a variety of other co-factors appear also to be involved.4

Infection with HIV is one such co-factor and the incidence of KS is approximately 1 in 20 amongst individuals infected with HIV.5 In around 22% of cases, KS manifests with oral involvement as its first presentation.2

Here the case of a patient who presented with oral, cutaneous and visceral lesions associated with KS is discussed on a background of undiagnosed HIV infection.

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