The Dental Update Archive

Numbering of each component of the classical pathway of complement is from C1–C9. The sequence in which complement components are activated is C1, C4, C2, C3 and C5–C9 (since C4 was identified before,...

Pulpitis commences when a carious lesion passes the amelo-dentinal junction and enters into dentine.5 Initially, acidic bacterial by-products, that enter the pulp before the micro-organisms, cause...

A 56-year-old woman presents to you as a new patient. She reports that over the past 10 years she has been experiencing severe episodes of pain affecting the right side of her face. The pain is sharp...