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Resin-based composite materials: A science update Stephen J Bonsor Dental Update 2024 46:4, 707-709.
Authors
Stephen JBonsor
BDS(Hons) MSc FHEA FDS RCPS(Glasg) FDFTEd FCGDent GDP
The Dental Practice, 21 Rubislaw Terrace, Aberdeen; Hon Senior Clinical Lecturer, Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen; Online Tutor/Clinical Lecturer, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Resin-based composite materials are widely used in contemporary restorative dentistry. Dental materials are constantly evolving as performance data become available and materials science advances. It is critical that the dental team is aware of changes in the science underpinning the resin-based composite materials that they are using as this may have an impact on how the materials are manipulated clinically and the ultimate success of the restoration. This paper reviews recent developments in resin-based composite materials, concentrating on those used for direct restorative procedures.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: As materials science advances, so the constituent chemicals of resin-based composites may change, affecting the way these materials should be handled clinically by the dental team.
Article
A resin-based composite (RBC) may be defined as a dental material composed of a chemically active resin and an inorganic filler, usually a glass or ceramic.1 The addition of the filler overcomes many of the shortcomings of the resin and enhances the properties of the final material. These effects include:1
The resin and filler must be chemically connected using a silane coupling agent as they have no inherent ability to bond together. This permits stresses to be transmitted from the polymer matrix to the filler particles which have a higher modulus of elasticity (ie they are more rigid and stiffer). This results in improved physical and mechanical properties and the inhibition of leaching by preventing water from penetrating along the filler-resin interface.2
A curing system also needs to be incorporated into the material to effect its set. There has been a strong move in recent years towards utilizing some form of light curing system where visible light is used in combination with a photoinitiator contained within the resin to initiate the setting reaction. This so called ‘command set’ is advantageous in that the material may be presented as a paste in optimal condition which may be applied to the site of application and manipulated until the clinician is happy with the position and shape of the restoration, then exposing it to the curing light. RBC materials also contain other chemicals in minute quantities to maintain their stability in ultraviolet light, prevent premature polymerization and modify the optical properties of the product.
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