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Risk Assessment in Periodontal Disease

From Volume 45, Issue 10, November 2018 | Pages 920-926

Authors

Liz Chapple

BA(Hons), ACA

Director, Oral Health Innovations Ltd (UK supplier of PreViser™ and DEPPA technology)

Articles by Liz Chapple

Iain Chapple

PhD, BDS, FDS RCPS, FDS RCS, CCST(Rest Dent), PhD, BDS, FDSRCPS, FDSRCS, CCST (Rest Dent)

Periodontal Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham

Articles by Iain Chapple

Abstract

Risk assessment is vital for preventive dental care and validated technologies exist that enable the dental professional to assess a patient's risk of developing periodontal disease. Information personalized to individual patients can be presented in a simplified format, which patients can understand, enabling them to make informed decisions on, and start taking responsibility for, their oral health.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to explain the importance, purpose and impact of periodontal risk assessment in contemporary dental practice, where a focus on prevention and personalized biofeedback is an ethical and cost-effective way forward.

Article

Risk assessment is the foundation stone for prevention, employing the latest evidence base to identify those patients who have a higher likelihood of developing a specific disease, then providing them with enhanced preventive care pathways. A key aspect involves persuading at risk people that they differ from the rest of the population and therefore have to work harder, both with their clinician and in their personal behaviours and home care strategies, if they wish to lower their risk of that disease developing.

Within the field of oral health, of the available risk assessment systems, periodontal risk assessment holds pride of place. This is because:

In 2002, the American Academy of Periodontology stated that risk assessment ‘should be part of every comprehensive dental and periodontal assessment’. A green paper calling for global action on periodontal disease endorsed by professional periodontal organizations throughout the world states ‘A critical element is that prevention needs to be tailored to the individual's needs through diagnosis and risk profiling’.10 The General Dental Council (GDC) places periodontal risk assessment firmly in its training requirements for undergraduates.11 Steele's review of National Health Service (NHS) dental care services in 200912 stated that ‘For new patients there should be a formal oral health assessment to evaluate the risks of all major dental disease (decay, gum disease and oral cancer) and the need for treatment. Personalised prevention should be started’.

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