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References

Thornhill MH. Immune mechanisms in oral lichen planus. Acta Odontol Scand. 2001; 59:174-177
Khandelwal V, Nayak PA, Nayak UA, Gupta A. Oral lichen planus in a young Indian child. BMJ Case Rep. 2013; https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-010516
Edwards PC, Kelsch R. Oral lichen planus: clinical presentation and management. J Can Dent Assoc. 2002; 68:494-499
Ismail SB, Kumar SK, Zain RB. Oral lichen planus and lichenoid reactions: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, management and malignant transformation. J Oral Sci. 2007; 49:89-106
Kanwar AJ, De D. Lichen planus in childhood: report of 100 cases. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010; 35:257-262
Scully C, Almedia OPD, Welbury R. Oral lichen planus in childhood. Br J Dermatol. 1994; 131:131-133
Al-Hashimi I, Schifter M, Lockhart PB Oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 103:525.e1-12
Silverman S, Griffith M. Studies on oral lichen planus II. Follow up on 200 patients, clinical characteristics, and associated malignancy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1974; 37:705-710
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Clover GB, Dawber RP. Is childhood idiopathic atrophy of the nails due to lichen planus?. Br J Dermatol. 1987; 116:709-712
Alam F, Hamburger J. Oral mucosal lichen planus in children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2001; 11:209-214
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Walton LJ, Macey MG, Thornhill MH, Farthing PM. Intra-epithelial subpopulations of T lymphocytes and langerhans cells in oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med. 1998; 27:116-123
Eisen D, Carrozzo M, Bagan Sebastian JV Number V. Oral lichen planus: clinical features and management. Oral Dis. 2005; 11:338-349
Limas C, Limas CJ. Lichen planus in children: a possible complication of Hepatitis B vaccines. Pediatr Dermatol. 2002; 19:204-209
Agarwal S, Garg VK, Joshi A, Agarwalla A, Sah SP. Lichen planus after vaccination in a child: a case report from Nepal. J Dermatol. 2000; 27:618-620
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Lichen planus in children

From Volume 45, Issue 3, March 2018 | Pages 227-234

Authors

Mona Agel

BDS, MJDF RCS(Eng), MDPH

Locum StR in Paediatric Dentistry, UK

Articles by Mona Agel

Mamdouh Al-Chihabi

BDS, MFDS, MClinDent

Specialty Trainee in Paediatric Dentistry, Charles Clifford Dental Services, Sheffield, UK

Articles by Mamdouh Al-Chihabi

Halla Zaitoun

BDS, MFDS, MDentSci, FRCS(Paed)

Senior House Officer, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, Higher Cambridge Street, Manchester M15 6FH.

Articles by Halla Zaitoun

Martin H Thornhill

MBBS, BDS, PhD, MSc, FDS RCS(Edin), FDS RCSI, FDS RCS(Eng)

Professor of Oral Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Surgery, University of Sheffield School of Clinical Dentistry, Sheffield, UK

Articles by Martin H Thornhill

Anne M Hegarty

BDentSc, MSc(OM), MBBS, MFD, RCSI, FDS(OM) RCS

Consultant and Honorary Clinical Lecturer in Oral Medicine, Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield S10 2ZS

Articles by Anne M Hegarty

Abstract

Abstract: Lichen Planus (LP) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the skin and mucous membranes. It is more frequently seen in the middle-aged and elderly population but can be present in children, although this is relatively rare. This paper describes the presentation and management of lichen planus in children, illustrated by seven cases seen within the Paediatric Dentistry Unit. Dentists should be aware of the condition and understand when referral to a specialist centre is required and the need for multidisciplinary management of complex cases.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Although oral lichen planus is rare in children, it is important that dentists are able to identify its clinical presentation and abnormal changes to the oral mucosa, as well as being aware of possible local and systemic causes of the condition so that reassurance and correct management pathways can be implemented in primary care practice.

Article

Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with a cell-mediated immune reaction affecting the skin and mucous membranes.1 Wickham, in 1895, described the characteristic appearance of skin lesions as, ‘white striae that develop atop the flat surfaced papules’.2

Up to six clinical appearances of oral lichen planus (OLP) have been described in the literature.3 The characteristic sites involved are the buccal mucosa, lateral borders of the tongue and, less frequently, the gingival tissues. Table 1 describes the different types of oral lichen planus seen.4

Oral lichen planus is relatively rare in children, so few reports on this subject are present in the literature.5,6 This paper reports seven different cases of oral lichenoid disease in children with the aim of supporting clinicians in recognizing the presentation of OLP and its subsequent management.

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