The oral implications of mental health disorders part 1: eating disorders

Eating disorders are a group of psychopathological conditions that are characterized by irrational eating behaviours. The unhealthy diet choices that are characteristic of the conditions are often adopted to control body weight and shape. The aetiology is thought to be multi-factorial in origin, arising from a combination of biological, psychological and social factors. Eating disorders can reduce quality of life by negatively influencing both physical and emotional well-being.¹ In the UK it is currently estimated that up to 1.25 million people have an eating disorder of which 20% become chronically ill.²

The most prevalent eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.² Each of these conditions has associated oral symptoms, which can develop within six months of onset.¹ This highlights the essential role that dental professionals have in recognizing the relevant oral signs and symptoms, thereby identifying individuals that may be suffering with an eating disorder. This may aid early diagnosis by appropriate referral to their medical practitioner to help manage the underlying condition. Table 1 summarizes the oral manifestations associated with these eating disorders.³