Uncomplicated crown (enamel-dentine) fractures result in loss of enamel and dentine without exposure of the pulp.3 Dentine tubules become exposed and can act as a pathway for bacterial ingression...

Most patients with RAS are otherwise healthy, thus it is a diagnosis of exclusion. There are, however, a number of systemic conditions involving recurrent aphthous ulceration and are, therefore,...

The completion of root development of the permanent incisors normally occurs in childhood, eg the maxillary central incisor normally completes its root development before the age of around 10 or 11...