A 15-year-old African-Caribbean male patient presented, having been referred by his orthodontist regarding an unerupted upper left first premolar (UL4) to a joint orthodontic/oral surgery clinic. The...

While the condition may be clinically apparent, diagnosis can be confirmed by referral to a paediatric dentist or orthodontist. Multidisciplinary management is aimed to stimulate the periodontal...

The BPE was introduced by the BSP in 1986 to act as a simple and rapid tool to help dentists to screen for periodontal diseases in adults. A study by Tugnait et al in 2004 found that its use had been...