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References

Pulte D, Brenner H. Changes in survival in head and neck cancers in the late 20th and early 21st century: a period analysis. Oncologist. 2010; 15:994-1001
Chaturvedi AK, Anderson WF, Lortet-Tieulent J Worldwide trends in incidence rates for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31:(36)
Gandini S, Botteri E, Iodice S Tobacco smoking and cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2008; 122:155-164
Bagnardi V, Rota M, Botteri E Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2015; 112:580-593
Maasland DH, van den Brandt PA, Kremer B, Goldbohm RA, Schouten LJ. Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and the risk of subtypes of head-neck cancer: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study. BMC Cancer. 2014; 14
Fortin A, Wang CS, Vigneault É. Influence of smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors on treatment outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009; 74:1062-1069
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HPV vaccines and potential prevention of HPV-positive head and neck cancer. 2014. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK304970/
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Head and Neck cancer part 1: diagnosis and classification

From Volume 46, Issue 8, September 2019 | Pages 722-729

Authors

Oliver Jones

BDS(Hons), PGCert (MedEd)

BDS(Hons), PGCert(MedEd), Dental Core Trainee

Articles by Oliver Jones

Stephanie Hackett

BDS(Hons), PGCert(MedEd)

BDS(Hons), PGCert(MedEd), Dental Core Trainee

Articles by Stephanie Hackett

Email Stephanie Hackett

Despoina Chatzistavrianou

DDS MFDS RCSEd, MClinDent Pro, MPros RCSEd

Specialist in Prosthodontics, Specialty Registrar in Restorative Dentistry, Birmingham Dental Hospital and University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK

Articles by Despoina Chatzistavrianou

David Newsum

BDS, MFD RCS, MSc, MRCPS, MRD RCSEd, FDS(Rest Dent) RCSEd

Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, BDS, MFD RCS, MSc, MRCPS, MRD RCSEd, FDS(Rest Dent) RCSEd, Birmingham Dental Hospital and School of Dentistry, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK

Articles by David Newsum

Abstract

Head and neck cancer is a group of cancers that affects the oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx and neck. With improving survival rates for patients, general dental practitioners (GDPs) are becoming increasingly likely to engage in the care of affected patients. Therefore, a sound clinical knowledge of the aetiology, treatment and rehabilitation for head and neck cancer is essential for all practitioners who may be involved in the care pathways for such patients.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper provides an update on the prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis and classification of head and neck cancer.

Article

Head and neck cancer, and the treatment for it, can be one of the most socially disabling conditions and can leave patients with life-changing functional and aesthetic deficits. It is an umbrella term for all cancers in the region, including those of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx and neck.1

Although oral cancer incidence has risen in recent years (a rise of 30% since the early 1990s),2 treatment modalities have become more successful and survival has improved.3 Therefore, GDPs are becoming increasingly likely to engage in the care pathway of affected patients.

Knowledge of the common risk factors for head and neck cancer can enable dental practitioners to consider the individualized risk levels of their patients and enable them to offer specific and tailored advice. An overview of risk factors for head and neck cancer is outlined in Table 1.

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