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This report introduces the reader to the concepts and applications of augmented and virtual reality in dentistry. Virtual reality (VR) is the computer-generated three-dimensional simulation of a virtual environment accessed through a headset. Augmented reality (AR) is the superimposition of computer-generated imagery or graphics onto the real world, accessed through phones, tablets and headsets. The technology has advanced in recent years with early applications to the medical field revolving around anxiety management, teaching and surgical planning. Uses for surgical orthognathic and other restorative interventions are also in an early phase of development and adoption.
CPD/Clinical Relevance:
VR and AR have promising applications, but more research must be carried out to determine the technology's validity in dentistry.
Article
Before considering its application and history, virtual reality (VR) must be defined. VR is a computer-generated three-dimensional simulation of an environment that immerses the user in an artificial surrounding. This environment is accessed with electronic equipment such as a headset.1 Augmented reality (AR) differs slightly because a computer-generated image is superimposed onto the real world, usually through devices like phones and tablets.2 This enhances the perception of the natural world by providing overlays such as images, objects and information.
The earliest known VR came from panoramic paintings in the 19th century, such as paintings by Franz Roubaud of the battle of Borodino, which depicts the French and Russian forces at Borodino (Figure 1). Another example includes the Racławice panorama in Poland, which is 114 m long and 15 m high. This 360-degree canvas attempts to immerse the viewer in the scenery, much like the definitions mentioned above of virtual reality.
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