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Pain part 6: temporomandibular disorders Pamela L Yule Justin Durham Robert W Wassell Dental Update 2024 43:1, 707-709.
Authors
Pamela LYule
BDS, MFDS RCPS(Glasg)
Specialty Registrar and Associate Clinical Lecturer in Restorative Dentistry, Newcastle Dental Hospital, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AZ, UK
Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4BW, UK
TMDs are a complex collection of conditions which can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life. The aetiology, diagnosis and management of TMDs will be described in this article with the hope of increasing a general dental practitioner's knowledge of these problems, thus helping them to institute simple, initial, conservative therapies for such patients. Diagnosis of TMDs can be simplified by following recent published clinical diagnostic criteria such as those outlined in this article.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: Pain and functional disturbances related to TMDs are common and require simple and pragmatic interventions for most patients. After providing a diagnosis, reassure patients that they do not have a sinister disease, and explain that the condition is usually self-limiting.
Article
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a complex range of conditions which can cause significant pain and distress for individuals affected,1 and can leave some dentists bewildered into how best to manage such patients.2 The main part of this article describes current best evidence on the epidemiology, aetiology, signs, symptoms and diagnosis, and management of TMDs. The final section gives a flavour of important ongoing research into the mechanisms underlying TMDs.
The reported prevalence of TMDs in both the general and clinical population varies, and this may be due to differences between studies in diagnostic criteria and their assessment of TMDs.3 Recent research in a group of patients aged 18–44 years suffering from TMDs showed that the likelihood of having TMD increased across successively older age groups.4 In the same clinical group, non-Hispanic Whites were more likely to have TMDs compared to other racial groups, and females were three times more likely than males to suffer TMD symptoms.4 However, in the general population it is worth noting that signs and symptoms of TMD are quite common and found almost equally in males and females.5 Research suggests that only a small proportion of individuals with TMDs actually seek treatment3 and that females are more likely to present to a healthcare professional in an attempt to alleviate their symptoms.3,5
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