Abstract
This series of three papers reviews the causes, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and outlines the management of sore and/or swollen lips.
References
Sweeny MP, Bagg J, Baxter WP, Aitchison TC. Oral diseases in terminally ill cancer patients with xerostomia. Oral Oncol. 1998; 34:123-126
Taniguchi S, Kono T. Exfoliative cheilitis: a case report and review of the literature. Dermatology. 1998; 196:253-255
Mohanty S, Das A, Ghosh A. Cheilitis glandularis simplex. Indian Pediatr. 2014; 51
Bender MM, Rubenstein M, Rosen T. Cheilitis glandularis in an African-American woman: response to antibiotic therapy. Skinmed. 2005; 4:391-392
White JW, Olsen KD, Banks PM. Plasma cell orificial mucositis. Report of a case and review of the literature. Arch Dermatol. 1986; 122:1321-1324
Collet E, Jeudy E, Dalac S. Cheilitis, perioral dermatitis and contact allergy. Eur J Dermatol. 2013; 23:303-307
Herrera-Geopfert R, Magaria H. Follicular cheilitis. A distinctive histopathologic finding in actinic prurigo. Am J Dermatopathol. 1995; 17:357-361
Pinheiro Rdos S, Ferreiro Ddo, Nobrega F, Santos NS, Souza IF, Castro GR. Current status of herpesvirus identification in the oral cavity of HIV infected children. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013; 46:15-19
Lavy Y, Slodownik D, Tratner A, Ingher A. Toothpaste allergy as a cause of cheilitis in Israeli patients. Dermatitis. 2009; 20:95-98
Reiter S, Vered M, Yarom N, Goldsmith C, Gorsky M. Cheilitis glandularis. Clinico-histopathological diagnostic criteria. Oral Dis. 2011; 17:335-339
Hiremath S, Kale AD, Hallikerimath S. Clinico-pathological study to evaluate oral lichen planus for the establishment of clinical and histopathological diagnostic criteria. Turk Pathol Desq. 2015; 31:24-29
Abbas Z, Naraghi ZS, Behrangi E. Pemphigus vulgaris presented with cheilitis. Case Rep Dermatol Med. 2014; 2014:147-197
Baun S, Sakka N, Artsi O, Trau H, Barzilai A. Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune blistering diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2014; 13:(4–5)482-489
Avango L, Rogres RS Oral manifestations of erythema multiforme. Dermatol Clin. 2003; 21:(10)196-205
Salvadori G, Dos Santos SM, Martins MA, Vasconcelos AC, Meurer L, Rados PV, Canard VC, Martins MB. Ki 67, TGF-β1 and elastin content are significantly altered in lip carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol. 2014; 35:7835-7844
Sqarbi FC, Bertini F, Tera Tde M, Cavalcante AS. Morphology of collagen fibers and elastin system fibers in Actinic cheilitis. Indian J Dental Res. 2010; 21:518-528
Warren JM, Bourke PF, Warren LJ. Lip lupus erythematosus. Med J Aust. 2013; 198:160-161
Aiba S, Tagami H. Immunoglobulin-producing cells in Plasma cell orificial mucositis. J Cutan Pathol. 1989; 16:267-270
Rana AP. Orofacial granulomatosis. A case report with review of literature. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2012; 16:469-474
Elias MK, Mateen FJ, Werler CR. The Melkersson Rosenthal syndrome: a retrospective study of biopsied cases. J Neurol. 2013; 260:138-143
Gargah T, Labessi A, Qunissi M, Derouicha A, Chokriz Z, Trabelsi N, Ben Abddlah T, Cherbil Ma, Lakhousa MR. [Early infections in children following renal transplantation]. Tunis Med. 2011; 89:26-30
Ponce-Torres E, Gonzalez F, Ruiz-Rodriguez Midel S, Aleje-Gonzalez F, Hernández–Sierra JF, Pozos-Guillen A de Oral manifestations in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2010; 34:275-279
Propovic I, Vujosevic M, Kostic A. [Chronic herpetic cheilitis. Report of a case]. Stomatol Glas Srb. 1982; 29:57-61
Ηοng YJ, Lim MS, Hwang SK, Kim TS, Park KV, Song J, Kim EC. Detection of herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus in clinical specimens by multiplex real time PCR and melting curve analysis. Biomed Res Inst. 2014; 26
Skupien JA, Valentini F, Boscato N, Pereira-Cencil T. Prevention and treatment of Candida colonization on denture liners: a systemic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2013; 110:356-362
Almazrooa SA, Woo SB, Nawardk H, Treisier N. Characterization and management of exfoliative cheilitis: a single center experience. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013; 116:e485-489
Jadotte YT, Schwartz RA. Solar cheilosis; an ominous precursor part 1. Diagnostic insights. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012; 66:173-184
Ribiero CF, Souza FH, Jordao JM, Schmitt JV, Faucz LL. Photodynamic therapy in actinic cheilitis. Clinical and anato-pathological evaluation of 19 patients. An Bras Dermatol. 2012; 87:418-423
Winchester L, Winchester L, Scully C, Prime SS, Eveson JM. Cheilitis glandular: a case affecting the upper lip. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986; 62:654-656
Wood NH, Khammissa R, Meyerov R, Lemme J, Feller L. Actinic cheilitis: a case report and review of the literature. Eur J Dent. 2011; 5:101-106
Conolly M, Kennedy C. Exfoliative cheilitis successfully treated with topical tacrolimus. Br J Dermatol. 2004; 151:241-242
More CB, Bhavsar K, Varma S, Tailor M. Oral mucocele. A clinical and histopathological study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2014; 18:S72-77
Lin HP, Cheng GY, Sun A, Chiang CP. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of upper lip. J Foormos Med Assoc. 2016; 30188-30197
Abdollahi M, Radfar M. A review of drug induced oral reactions. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2003; 4:10-31
Mackie BS. Drug induced ulcer of the lip. Br J Dermatol. 1967; 79:106-110
Nguven HP, Stiegel KR, Dowing C, Stiegel KR. Recent approval of Xerese in Canada 5% acyclovir and 1% hydrocortisone topical cream in the treatment of herpes labialis. Skin Therapy Lett. 2014; 19:5-8
Berkerur J. Topical vitamin A in exfoliative cheilitis. Indian Dermatol Leprol. 1996; 62:268-269
Leyland L, Field EA. Case report: exfoliative cheilitis managed with antidepressant medication. Dent Update. 2004; 31:524-526
Barry RB, McKenzie J, Berq D, Lanqtry JA. Direct primary closure without undermining in the repair of vermilionectomy defects of the lower lip. Br J Dermatol. 2012; 167:1092-1097
Park KK, Brodell RT, Helms SE. Angular cheilitis, part 2, nutritional, systemic and drug related causes and treatment. Cutis. 2011b; 88:27-23
Ohman SC, Jontell M, Dahlen G. Recurrence of angular cheilitis. Scand J Dent Res. 1988; 98:360-365
Oliviera Alves MG, da Mota Delgado A, Balducci I, Carvalho YP, Cavalcate AS, Almeida JD. Study of MDM2 and SMO-1 expression in actinic cheilitis and lip cancer. Arch Dermatol Res. 2014; 306:837-841
Shan AY, Doherty SD, Rosen T. Actinic cheilitis: a treatment review. Dermatol. 2010; 49:1225-1234
Cohen JL. Erbium laser resurfacing for actinic cheilitis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013; 12:1290-1292
Sotiriiou E, Lallas A, Goussi C, Apalla Z, Trigoni A, Chovarda E, Ioannidis D. Sequential use of photodynamic therapy and imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of actinic cheilitis: a 12 month follow-up study. Br J Dermatol. 2011; 165:888-892
Zaiac M, Clement A. Treatment of actinic cheilitis with 5 aminolevulinic acid and blue light activation. J Drugs Dermatol. 2011; 10:1240-1245
Sore or swollen lips part 3: diagnosis and treatment
From Volume 44, Issue 1, January 2017 | Pages 70-74
Article
Lesions on the lips can be disfiguring and of serious aesthetic concern to patients, and may herald usually local or sometimes systemic diseases. Most important for the clinician is not only to give an early diagnosis, providing an accurate treatment, but mainly to distinguish which lesions are malignant or potentially malignant.
The diagnosis of sore/swollen lips is based mainly on:
A history of exposure to violence, caustic foods/liquids, wind or solar radiation or cosmetic and food allergens, drugs, social and travel history, close contact with patients or animals infected with various microbial agents, can help the diagnosis.
A lesion's location and clinical characteristics are very useful tools for the diagnosis. The location of some cheilitis is unique, the commissures, for example, are the characteristic involvement sites for angular cheilitis.1 Other findings, such as a widespread exfoliation, a characteristic of exfoliative cheilitis,2 or a mucopurulent discharge of glandular cheilitis may help.3,4 The presence of similar lesions in the mouth and lips are characteristics of plasma cell cheilitis5 and lesions on the skin and other mucosae are usually seen in atopic6 and actinic prurigo cheilitis.7
Register now to continue reading
Thank you for visiting Dental Update and reading some of our resources. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:
What's included
- Up to 2 free articles per month
- New content available